Medicine+Group

= INVENTION, INNOVATION, INTERACTIONS Medicine Group = = = = = Charles Richard Drew  · Birth: Born on June 3rd 1904 in Washington D.C  ·  Education: In 1933, Charles Drew graduated from McGill University with a medical degree and a master of surgery degree. In 1940, he received his Doctor of Science degree from Columbia University. · Interesting Fact: Charles Drew won four swimming medals by the age of eight. · Interesting Fact: He was awarded the James E. Walker Memorial Medal in his junior and senior years of high school for football, basketball, baseball, and track. · Interesting Fact: He was the first African American to receive the Doctor of Science. · Interesting Fact: He created the American Red Cross blood bank. · Interesting Fact: He received the Spingarn Medal in 1944, for his contributions to medical science. · Interesting Fact: The system that he created is still used today by other doctors. · Interesting Fact: There is a common myth that says after a car accident in Burlington, North Carolina that Drew was in need of a blood transfusion but was turned away from a all white hospital however he did receive a blood transfusion but it was too late and he passed away later that day. Charles Drew Blood Banks By making discoveries on blood cells and plasma he invented the method to preserve blood (blood banks). He found that if you separate the liquid red blood cells from the near solid plasma and freeze the two separately blood can be preserved and used on a later date.  The United States was still segregated when Charles Drew was finding this and Charles Drew was an African American which made his work harder. At this time there were only a few medical schools for African Americans and luckily Charles Drew was able to attend one of these. Even though he invented this system at the time blacks still were not allowed to give blood.

Inventor Benjamin Franklin Birth: April 21, 1934 in Champaign, Illinois Education: He attended grammar school at age eight; his family could not ford it so his dad sent him to Mr. George Brownell's school for writing and arithmetic. Interesting facts: · Oldest person to sing the Declaration of Independents, at age 70. ·  He produced the first catalog in the U.S.   ·  He is in the American Mensa Hall of Fame . · He invented a musical instrument . · He spent half of his life in retirement .

 Bifocals Benjamin Franklin is recognized for the invented the bifocals. This invention made a major impact on people and their views on eyeglasses. Bifocals are eyeglasses were the lens is split into two different parts. The top part is not as magnify more for if you are far sighted. While on the other hand the bottom part of the lens magnifies, they are very helpful if you only need reading glasses. The bifocals that Benjamin Franklin invented in the 17 hundereds were little round circles with a thin line through the middle. They had a wooden frame. Glasses had been just been starting to get used by people, because before they were too expensive for people to buy and if you had a pair it was a sign that you were more wealthy. People that were far sighted (they can not see things far away) had far sighted eyeglasses, and people that were near sighted (they can not see things close up) had their glasses. What wear the people suppose to do that were near and far sighted? That is what lead Benjamin Franklin to his intention and why it was so important. The bifocals helped out the people that needed eyeglasses to see both ways, buy giving them a pair of eyeglasses to wear. This also helped make eyeglasses more popular because they made it cheaper for people needing both types of eyeglasses to buy. Now instead of buying to different pairs of eyeglasses, and eyeglasses back then were expensive, they could only need to buy one pair. Eyeglasses now being cheaper made them more popular because more people had a pair. Benjamin Franklin’s bifocal invention was a very helpful innovation to eyeglasses. - Maggie

=William Morton- Letheon Inhaler= Kelly Harrings

William Morton:

Birth: He was born on August 19, 1819 in Charlton, Massachusetts.

Death: He died in July 1868 in New York City from a sickness that swept over the North that summer.

Education: He went to elementary, middle, and high school at Northfield Academy and Leicester Academy. In 1840, William went to Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, but he did not graduate. In 1844, he attended Harvard Medical School, but again he did not graduate.

Interesting Facts:
 * William lived on a farm in Massachusetts, when he was young.
 * When William was young, he brewed and experimented with homemade concoctions. He tried to make things that would help people, but one time his experiments made his sister very sick.
 * After he left Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, he became a dentist. William improved the making of false teeth. He also invented a kind of solder to fasten false teeth to gold plates.
 * He was one of the first people to realize that chemistry is associated with medicine. From then on he studied all of the known chemical ingredients.
 * In William’s later life, he became interested in agriculture. He had a farm in Massachusetts where he raised and purchased fine cattle.

Innovation- Letheon Inhaler:

As a dentist, William Morton wanted to be able to give his patients pain free operations. He had once been operated on without anesthesia. He understood how painful it was and realized that he needed to make something that would relive the pain. William first experimented with opium. Opium is a pain reliever. The experiments were not successful. Next he experimented with ether. William tested these things on himself and animals. This time the experiment was successful. He extracted a tooth from Eben Frost and Eben was pain free. William Morton then invented the Lethon inhaler. When the patient inhaled the contents, they would be knocked out and pain free during an operation. William first used this device to remove a tumor from Edward Abbott. The operation was a success.

Alexander Fleming-Thomas Astolfi Born: August, 6, 1881, Darvel, Scotland Education: Loundoun Moor School and Darvel School __ Interesting facts: __ __Innovation: Penicillin__
 * 1) He is most known for his discovery of Penicillin in the year 1928 witch gave him the Nobel Peace Prize in medicine in the year1945.
 * 2) Fleming was the captain in the Army Medical Corps. during World War I.
 * 3) His discovery of penicillin was ranked as the most important antibiotic discovery of the millennium.
 * 4) Fleming had his discovery published in a British Journal in 1929 but very few people actually paid any attention to it at all.
 * 5) He was also a member of a rifle club.

Sir Alexander Fleming Alexander Fleming is most known for his quote accidental discovery of the most commonly used antibiotic penicillin. He discovered this antibiotic in the year 1928, but the world did not take notice to Alexander’s work until he won the Nobel Prize in 1945 where he was rewarded for this fantastic scientific breakthrough. Alexander had lived most of his life in Scotland and he lived there over half his life. The only time Fleming actually left the county on his own will was to collect his Noble peace prize, where at that time the ceremony was held in Stockholm, Sweden. Alexander’s life was ended abruptly though when a heart attack struck while he was at his house in Scotland. Some people have called him the greatest innovator of medical science of his time and many people agree that penicillin is the most important and most used antibiotic of them all. Sir Alexander Fleming was living during World War I and at the time the war started he was working at Saint Mary Madelyn’s medical school. At that time he decided to work for the army medical corps to help heal badly wounded soldiers. Over the time he was there he was promoted to a captain. Assuming this authority meant he had to find a better more effective way to heal these injured soldiers. The one thing Fleming noticed was that no matter how well they stitched up the wounds they were still getting infected. This led him straight back to his lab in England where he worked hours on end to try to find a cure for these infections or a way to prevent them from happening. After years of work he finally came up with penicillin but it was long after the war had passed that doctors were even using this antibiotic in their hospitals. This innovation was very important because in World War II it prevented many deaths from accruing. Back in World War 2 almost 20% of soldiers died not even on the battle field but in the medical hospitals off the battle. Infectious diseases could get airborne around the camp causing a break out of horrible sicknesses. Penicillin does so much for the world. It has lowered the death rate of staphylococcal infections by 86%.The most widely used antibiotic of all is penicillin, which has easily saved many lives since it entered wide use during World War II.